Words derived from the word gladius include gladiator ("swordsman") and gladiolus ("little sword," from the diminutive form of gladius), a flowering plant with sword-shaped leaves. By the time of the Roman Republic, which flourished during the Iron Age, the classical world was well-acquainted with steel and the steel-making process. Gladius (Latin language: glădĭus) was one Latin word for sword and is used to represent the primary sword of Ancient Roman foot soldiers. https://www.ancient.eu/image/6128/. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The owner's name was often engraved or punched on the blade. However, the gladius in some circumstances was used for cutting or slashing, as is indicated by Livy's account of the Macedonian Wars, wherein the Macedonian soldiers were horrified to see dismembered bodies.[15]. The Mainz and the Pompeii are the two main classification types and served side by side for many years and it was not uncommon to find 4th century legionaries carrying the earlier model. A derivative directly from the Gladius sword was the Gladiator. 24 Oct 2020. The combination of the steel layers creates a sword that is strong enough to hold a powerful edge while having the strength and flexibility to withstand powerful collisions. Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Gladius is Latin for sword. It kept the curvature, but shortened and widened the blade and made the point triangular. At home the less battle-effective Pompeii version came into use. The handle is wood with brass bolsters. This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. For other uses, see, McCone, Kim, "Greek Κελτός and Γαλάτης, Latin Gallus 'Gaul', in: Die Sprache 46, 2006, p. 106. Though the primary infantry attack was thrusting at stomach height, they were trained to take any advantage, such as slashing at kneecaps beneath the shield wall. The Chiusian sword was created from a single bloom by forging from a temperature of 1237 °C. ), p. 118. A central core of the sword contained the highest: 0.15–0.25% carbon. Conventionally, the javelins would be thrown to disable the shields and disrupt the formation of the enemy before engaging in close combat, for which the gladius would be drawn. The Vetulonian sword was crafted by the pattern welding process from five blooms reduced at a temperature of 1163 °C. Stabbing was a very efficient technique, as stabbing wounds, especially in the abdominal area, were almost always deadly (see the quotation from Vegetius under pugio). This image shows the different major types of Roman gladius hispaniensis... An artist's impression of what a Roman beach attack may have looked... A marble sculpture depicting a Roman Praetorian Guard. The exact origin of the gladius Hispanus is a debated topic, while it is likely that it descended ultimately from Celtic swords of the La Tene and Hallstat periods; it is unknown if it descended directly from Celtiberian troops of the Punic Wars, or through Gallic troops of the Gallic Wars. A blow increased the temperature sufficiently to produce a friction weld at that spot. THE SWORD AMONGST THE BARBARIANS (EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE). The word gladius acquired a general meaning as any type of sword. The Gladius sword is made from Pattern welded Damascus steel.

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