A film's style is influenced by mode of production, country, period, and conventions, and the particular director's artistic choices. The whole film is spliced together after being shipped as separate reels. 2. REEL: 1) Physical object on which film is wound; 2) Length {in time) of film on a given reel. NARRATION: The process by which the plot conveys or withholds story information. 180 DEGREE SYSTEM: Maintaining left-right spatial relations on screen by not letting cameras cross the AXIS OF ACTION. Special effects are added to a film or video in order to enhance the production by creating drama, enhancing mood, or developing story. Compare with OFF-SCREEN or OFF-CAMERA DIALOGUE. 2. 2) The method used for TIME LAPSE.PHOTOGRAPHY, which is extreme FAST MOTION (for example, one frame every thirty seconds). It exaggerates apparent depth of space and is often used for DEEP FOCUS shots. Jump cuts are now a common feature of music videos and TV advertising. Jump cuts can be found in the films of Sergei Ejeenstein, but it was Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless that created a vogue for jump cuts in the 1960s. NEW MEDIA: Media technology or a form of media communication that surpasses, enhances, and/or alters an already-existing technology; for example, DVD (digital) technology compared to LASERDISC and VHS (both analog) technologies. DISSOLVE: The merging of the end of one shot with the beginning of the next; as the second shot becomes distinct, the first slowly fades away. THEME: An overarching idea conveyed by a film (as opposed to the plot, which is what happens). ): Narration, usually added in post-production, that occurs outside the immediate on-screen world of the film. Compare WIDE ANGLE LENS. Also called “lap dissolves” and, in England, "mixes." 2) The method used for TIME LAPSE.PHOTOGRAPHY, which is extreme FAST MOTION (for example, one frame every thirty seconds). Thus, for a while, two images are SUPERIMPOSED. It condenses space, flattens depth, and brings distant things close. REVERSE-ANGLE SHOT: A shot taken by a camera positioned more or less opposite from where the previous shot was taken. LIP SYNC: synchronization between the sound and its source in the film. Also called MATCH ON ACTION. DISTANCES: MEDIUM SHOT (MS): A shot that shows a character from the waist up. MOVING SHOTS: see CAMERA MOVEMENTS. Compare to TELEPHOTO LENS. FILM GAUGE: The width of a piece of film stock, measured in millimeters. In classical Hollywood films, this technique was often used when a scene took place inside a moving vehicle (see any Hitchcock film, but especially Vertigo). VIDEO CAMERA: A camera which contains an electronic image sensor and records on tape rather than photographic film. Cinema verite is a highly self-conscious or REFLEXIVE, form of filmmaking which often acknowledges the presence of director (either aurally or visually). 2. WIPE: A transition in which the second shot appears and “pushes" off the first one; usually the images are separated by a visible vertical line, but there are many variations of wipes. SUPERIMPOSITION: A multiple exposure in which two or more images are simultaneously visible over each other. Thus, for a while, two images are SUPERIMPOSED. Free makeup industry newsletter:    Sometimes referred to as a MEDIUM LONG SHOT, especially when a character is not shown.

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